The rapid proliferation of social media platforms globally, and particularly in Mainland China, has transformed communication, information dissemination, and social interaction. While initial research on digital divides primarily focused on access to technology, a more nuanced understanding now recognizes disparities in usage patterns. This article investigates the complex interplay of demographic factors and personality traits in shaping six distinct types of social media usage divides within Mainland China. Drawing on existing literature, we propose a framework that moves beyond traditional access-based divides to explore how socioeconomic status, age, gender, and geographical location, alongside individual personality characteristics, contribute to varied engagement with social media for purposes such as social interaction, news consumption, content creation, and political participation. By identifying these multifaceted divides, this research aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on digital inequality in a unique socio-political context, offering insights for policy interventions and platform design to foster more equitable digital engagement.

Rural markets serve as pivotal economic and social hubs in developing economies, facilitating the exchange of goods and services, particularly agricultural commodities, and playing a crucial role in rural transformation. This geographical inquiry delves into the genesis, growth, and spatio-temporal distribution of these vital market systems within the context of North India. Drawing upon established theories of central places and market geography, coupled with empirical insights from various regional studies, this article analyzes the historical evolution of rural markets, their spatial organization, and the temporal rhythms that govern their operation. The findings highlight the complex interplay of historical, economic, social, and geographical factors in shaping market landscapes, demonstrating both adherence to theoretical models and unique regional adaptations. Understanding these dynamics is essential for informed rural development planning and enhancing the economic well-being of agrarian communities.

This study explores how men engage with and negotiate their masculinity within contemporary fitness culture through the use of performance-enhancing substances. Moving beyond traditional understandings of doping as merely a tool for athletic performance, this research investigates the symbolic and social dimensions of doping in constructing masculine identities. Drawing on qualitative interviews with male fitness enthusiasts who use doping agents, the study reveals how doping practices are intertwined with ideals of strength, control, discipline, and self-improvement. It highlights the complex ways men reconcile societal pressures, personal aspirations, and subcultural norms in their embodied expressions of masculinity. The findings contribute to broader debates on gender, body politics, and the cultural meanings attached to substance use in fitness environments.