Introduction

The journal is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and academic integrity. All stakeholders including authors, editors, and reviewers must follow ethical principles based on COPE guidelines.

Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

• Manuscripts must be original and not under consideration elsewhere.
• Plagiarism in any form is strictly prohibited.
• Data must be accurate, authentic, and not fabricated.
• All authors must have made significant scholarly contributions.
• Conflicts of interest must be disclosed.
• Ethical approval is required for human/animal studies.

Ethical Responsibilities of Editors

• Manuscripts are evaluated based on academic merit only.
• Editorial decisions remain confidential and unbiased.
• Editors must avoid conflicts of interest.
• Plagiarism and misconduct must be investigated.

Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers

• Provide objective and constructive peer review.
• Maintain confidentiality of manuscripts.
• Identify uncited relevant work.
• Declare conflicts of interest before reviewing.

Plagiarism Policy

The journal follows a strict zero-tolerance policy for plagiarism. Manuscripts are screened using plagiarism detection tools. Severe cases are rejected immediately.

Research Misconduct

• Data fabrication or falsification
• Plagiarism or duplicate publication
• Improper authorship attribution
• Citation manipulation

Conflict of Interest

All participants must disclose any financial or personal relationships that may influence the research or review process.

Retraction Policy

Articles may be retracted in cases of ethical violations, plagiarism, or serious scientific errors. Corrections may be issued for minor issues that do not affect research validity.

Data Integrity

Authors must ensure transparency and accuracy of data. The journal may request raw data for verification.

Compliance Standards

The journal follows COPE, DOAJ, and ICMJE ethical publishing standards to ensure global academic integrity.