On the one hand, "Liber Pater", the Roman god of wine and fertility, the protector of plebeian, 'vulgar' freedom, being ‘free’ himself, perhaps 'unlimited', 'uncontrolled', even 'lewd'. On the other hand, the adjective "free", which has its conceptual basis in sympathy and friendship, covers the conceptual spectrum from individual to social liberation. In the 18th century, the European Enlightenment revealed the dual nature of 'freedom'. This was probably because the importance of individual freedom grew in the context of the historical process leading to the foundation of bourgeois society, as a prerequisite for the development of its driving force, the basis for the formation of its ruling class against the domination of aristocracy, but also in the face of the rising popular demands that will very soon seek to set limits to the lawlessness of the bourgeoisie. On the contrary, at the dawn of the 21st century, processes are intensifying for a new reconciliation of the two hypostases of "freedom", in a new era where social liberation will complement the individual one and where respect for the other will not be imposed but sought.

Liberty and Liberalism, Freedom, Economic Liberalization, Social Liberation

1. Zarotiadis Grigoris (Ζαρωτιάδης Γρηγοριος), Neoliberalism: Vulgarly simple or simply vulgar?” (Νεοφιλελευθερισμός: Χυδαία απλός ή απλά χυδαίος), Gutenberg S.A., AThens, 2012 (in Greek).

2. Cornell, T., The beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c.1000–264 BC), Routledge, 1995

3. Digital Sources

4. Aristidis Xatzis (Αριστείδης Χατζής), “The Limits of Freedom” (Τα όρια της Ελευθερίας), http://users.uoa.gr/~ahatzis/Limits_of_Liberty_gr.pdf (in Greek)

5. Online Etymology, Dictionary, http://www.etymonline.com/index.php, 2001- 2013 Douglas Harper

6. John Stuart Mill, 1859, On Liberty, ch. 1, http://www.econlib.org/library/Mill/mlLbty1.html

7. Students Daily News http://www.studentnewsdaily.com/conservative-vsliberal-beliefs/